Welcome to our Fabric Glossary! This collection is designed to help you navigate the world of textiles, providing clear definitions for a wide range of fabrics and materials commonly used in fashion. From natural fibres like cotton, silk, and wool to intricate lace varieties and innovative synthetics, each entry offers a brief insight into the unique properties, uses, and qualities of these textiles. Whether you're a designer, a sewing enthusiast, or simply curious, this glossary aims to enhance your understanding and appreciation of fabric artistry.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acetate | Acetate is a synthetic fiber made from cellulose, known for its silk-like appearance and smooth texture. Used in linings, dresses, and blouses, it offers a luxurious feel at a lower cost than silk. Acetate is lightweight and drapes well, but it can be prone to wrinkling and damage from heat and solvents. |
| Bamboo | Bamboo fabric is made from the pulp of bamboo plants, known for its softness, breathability, and eco-friendliness. Used in clothing, towels, and bedding, it is naturally antibacterial and moisture-wicking. Bamboo fabric is sustainable and biodegradable, making it a popular choice for environmentally conscious consumers. It can be more expensive than cotton and requires careful laundering to maintain its properties. |
| Batiste | Batiste is a fine, soft, and lightweight fabric made from cotton or linen. Known for its smooth surface and light drape, it is used in heirloom sewing, lingerie, and baby clothes. Originating from France, batiste is valued for its comfort and delicate texture. While it is easy to sew and care for, its light weight makes it best suited for summer garments or as a lining. |
| Batting | Batting is a layer of insulation used in quilting, consisting of fibers such as cotton, wool, polyester, or blends. It provides warmth, thickness, and stability to quilts and other padded items. |
| Bias | Bias refers to the diagonal direction across the weave of a fabric. Cutting fabric on the bias allows for greater stretch and flexibility, often used in garment construction to create a better fit. |
| Bias Binding | Bias Binding is a strip of fabric cut on the bias (diagonal) to provide flexibility and a smooth finish to edges. Used in garment sewing and quilting, it helps create neat hems, necklines, and armholes. Bias binding conforms well to curves and edges, adding durability and a professional look to projects. It can be made from various fabrics to match or contrast with the main fabric. |
| Blend | A blend is a fabric made from two or more different fibers, such as cotton-polyester or wool-nylon. Blends combine the best properties of each fiber, offering enhanced performance and versatility. |
| Bolt | A bolt is a standard unit of fabric measurement and storage, typically a roll or folded length of fabric that is sold by the yard or meter. The width and length of bolts can vary. |
| Brocade | Brocades are richly decorative shuttle-woven fabrics, often made from silk, featuring intricate patterns with gold and silver threads. Known for their opulent appearance and historical significance, brocades have a firm texture and limited drape, ideal for evening wear, historical costumes, and upholstery. They were first manufactured in Byzantine and Italian textile workshops. While luxurious, brocades are less common in everyday wear due to their cost and formality. |
| Broderie Anglaise | Broderie Anglaise, also known as English embroidery, is a cotton fabric featuring intricate eyelet patterns created by embroidery. Known for its decorative appearance and light texture, it is used in dresses, blouses, and children’s clothing. Originating in England during the 19th century, it is appreciated for its vintage charm and breathability. While delicate and requiring careful washing, its timeless appeal remains popular. |
| Cady | Cady is a dense, slightly stretchy fabric made from silk, wool, or synthetic fibers. Known for its smooth texture and excellent drape, it is used in high-end fashion, including suits, dresses, and evening wear. Originating in Italy, cady is appreciated for its structured yet flexible nature, offering both comfort and elegance. While luxurious, it can be expensive and may require special care. |
| Cambric | Cambric is a lightweight, closely woven fabric made from cotton or linen. Known for its fine texture and smooth finish, it is used in shirts, handkerchiefs, and lace. Originating from Cambrai, France, cambric is appreciated for its softness and durability. It is easy to sew and maintain, making it a popular choice for delicate garments and linings. |
| Chantilly Lace | Chantilly Lace is a type of bobbin lace made from silk or nylon, known for its fine, detailed patterns and delicate, scalloped edges. Originating from Chantilly, France, it is used in bridal wear, lingerie, and elegant evening dresses. It is prized for its sheer beauty and intricate designs. While stunning, Chantilly lace requires careful handling due to its delicate nature. |
| Chiffon | Chiffon is a sheer, lightweight fabric made from silk, nylon, or polyester. Known for its airy feel and delicate drape, it is often used in evening wear, scarves, and blouses. Originating in France, chiffon is celebrated for its ethereal appearance and flow. While beautiful, it can be challenging to sew and handle, and its delicate nature requires careful maintenance. |
| Chintz | Chintz is a glazed cotton fabric with bright, printed designs, often floral. Known for its smooth, shiny finish and vibrant patterns, it originated in India and became popular in Europe in the 17th century. Chintz is commonly used for curtains, upholstery, and dresses. Its glossy surface adds a touch of elegance, but it can lose its sheen with washing and wear. |
| Cloqué | Cloqué is a textured fabric with a puckered or blistered effect, typically made from silk, cotton, or synthetic fibers. Known for its unique surface and dimensional appearance, it is used in dresses, suits, and home decor. Originating in France, cloqué is appreciated for its visual interest and tactile quality. While striking, its texture can make it challenging to sew and care for. |
| Coating Wool | Coating Wool is a heavy, thick wool fabric used primarily for outerwear. Known for its warmth and durability, it is used in coats, capes, and heavy jackets. Originating from Europe, coating wool is valued for its ability to provide excellent insulation and protection against the elements. While ideal for winter wear, its weight can make it less suitable for indoor or transitional garments. |
| Corded Lace | Corded Lace, also known as Alençon lace, features raised patterns outlined with a cord, providing a three-dimensional effect. Made from silk or synthetic fibers, it is used in bridal wear and formal attire. Originating from Alençon, France, it is valued for its durability and elaborate designs. While more robust than other laces, it still requires delicate care. |
| Cotton | Cotton is a soft, breathable natural fiber derived from the cotton plant. Known for its comfort and versatility, cotton can be woven into various styles such as twill, poplin, and denim. It has a smooth texture, moderate drape, and a tendency to crease. First manufactured in ancient India, cotton is widely used today in casual wear, home textiles, and even haute couture, like Calvin Klein’s iconic jeans. Its popularity stems from being easy to care for and suitable for all climates. Environmentally, cotton has a significant water footprint, but organic cotton offers a more sustainable option. |
| Crepe de Chine | Crepe de Chine is a lightweight, fine silk fabric with a slightly crinkled texture. Known for its soft drape and matte finish, it is used in blouses, dresses, and lingerie. Originating in China, it is celebrated for its elegance and versatility. Crepe de Chine is less prone to wrinkling than other silk fabrics, though it requires delicate care. |
| Crystals | Crystals in fabric refer to embellishments made from cut glass or synthetic materials, adding sparkle and glamour to garments. Known for their light-catching properties, they are used in evening wear, bridal gowns, and accessories. Crystals can enhance the visual appeal of a fabric but require careful application to ensure they stay securely attached. |
| Devoré | Devoré, also known as burnout, is a fabric technique where a pattern is created by chemically dissolving parts of a blended fabric, typically velvet. Known for its unique, semi-transparent designs, it is used in evening wear and decorative textiles. Originating in France, devoré is prized for its luxurious and intricate look. The process can be labor-intensive and expensive, but the resulting fabric is highly distinctive. |
| Double Organza | Double Organza is a type of organza with two layers, providing additional structure and opacity. Known for its crisp texture and elegant appearance, it is used in bridal wear, evening gowns, and high-end fashion. Double Organza offers more body than regular organza, making it ideal for voluminous designs. While it shares the delicate nature of organza, its enhanced structure makes it more versatile for formal wear. |
| Double Satin | Double Satin is a type of satin weave where both sides of the fabric have a glossy finish. Known for its high sheen and luxurious feel, it is used in evening wear, bridal gowns, and lingerie. Double Satin provides a smooth, elegant drape and is appreciated for its opulent appearance. It shares the same drawbacks as regular satin, including a tendency to snag and require careful maintenance. |
| Double Wool | Double Wool is a heavyweight wool fabric made from two layers of fibers, providing extra warmth and durability. Known for its thickness and insulation, it is used in coats, jackets, and heavy winter wear. Originating from Europe, double wool is valued for its robust and cozy feel. While ideal for cold climates, its weight can make it less suitable for layering or indoor wear. |
| Drill | Drill is a strong, durable cotton fabric with a diagonal weave, similar to denim. Known for its sturdiness and resistance to wear, it is used in workwear, uniforms, and outdoor clothing. Originating from England, drill is appreciated for its utility and durability. Its heavy weight makes it ideal for hard-wearing garments, though it can be less comfortable in hot climates. |
| Duchesse Satin | Duchesse Satin is a heavy, luxurious satin fabric with a high sheen, often made from silk or polyester. Known for its smooth surface and elegant drape, it is used in bridal gowns, evening wear, and formal attire. Originating in Europe, it is valued for its rich, luxurious appearance and ability to hold structured shapes. While stunning, it can be prone to water stains and requires careful handling. |
| Embellished Lace | Embellished Lace includes additional decorative elements such as beads, sequins, or crystals, enhancing its visual appeal. Used in high-end fashion, bridal wear, and evening gowns, it is known for its opulent, glamorous appearance. While stunning, embellished lace requires careful handling to avoid damaging the delicate additions. |
| Embroidered Lace | Embroidered Lace features intricate designs stitched onto a sheer base, often made from tulle or organza. Used in bridal wear, evening gowns, and decorative textiles, it is known for its elaborate patterns and delicate beauty. Embroidered lace combines the artistry of embroidery with the elegance of lace, offering a luxurious, decorative option. |
| Embroidery | Embroidery refers to decorative stitching on fabric, creating patterns or designs. It can be done by hand or machine and is used in a wide range of garments, home decor, and accessories. Known for its intricate and artistic quality, embroidery adds a unique, personalized touch to textiles. While beautiful, it can be time-consuming and may require special care to preserve the stitching. |
| Felt Wool | Felt Wool is a non-woven fabric made by matting and pressing wool fibers together. Known for its dense, sturdy texture and insulating properties, it is used in hats, crafts, and industrial applications. Originating from ancient Central Asia, felt wool is valued for its durability and versatility. While it offers excellent warmth, its rigidity makes it less suitable for apparel requiring drape. |
| Fil | Fil is a French term for thread or yarn used in sewing and embroidery. Threads come in various materials like cotton, silk, and synthetic fibers, each suited for different types of fabric and stitching techniques. High-quality thread ensures strong, durable seams and precise embroidery. It is essential in garment construction and decorative needlework. |
| Fil-coupé | Fil-coupé is a fabric with small cut threads, creating a unique, textured pattern. Often made from silk or cotton blends, it is used in high-end fashion and home decor. Known for its intricate designs and luxurious feel, fil-coupé adds visual interest and texture to garments. It requires careful handling and maintenance due to its delicate nature. |
| Gauze | Gauze is a lightweight, sheer, and loosely woven fabric made from cotton or synthetic fibers. Known for its soft, airy texture, it is used in medical dressings, summer wear, and curtains. Originating from the Middle East, gauze is valued for its breathability and comfort. While comfortable and versatile, its loose weave makes it less durable and prone to fraying. |
| Gazar | Gazar is a crisp, lightweight silk fabric with a smooth surface and a slightly stiff drape. Known for its ability to hold structured shapes, it is used in evening wear, bridal gowns, and couture fashion. Originating from Switzerland, gazar is appreciated for its unique combination of lightness and body. While it offers excellent structure, it can be difficult to sew and requires careful handling. |
| Georgette | Georgette is a sheer, lightweight, and slightly crinkled fabric made from silk or synthetic fibers. Known for its flowing drape and textured surface, it is used in blouses, dresses, and evening wear. Originating in France, it is valued for its versatility and elegant appearance. Georgette’s slightly rough texture can make it more durable than chiffon, though it still requires careful handling. |
| Grain | Grain refers to the direction of the yarns in woven fabric. The grain line runs parallel to the warp threads, while the cross grain runs perpendicular. Proper alignment of the grain is crucial for garment fit and drape. |
| Guipure | Guipure Lace is a type of lace where motifs are connected by bars or plaits rather than netting, giving it a bold, graphic look. Made from cotton or synthetic fibers, it is used in dresses, blouses, and home decor. Originating in Europe, guipure lace is appreciated for its sturdy, open design and versatility. It is more durable than other laces but can be heavier. |
| Guipure Lace | Guipure Lace is a type of lace where motifs are connected by bars or plaits rather than netting, giving it a bold, graphic look. Made from cotton or synthetic fibers, it is used in dresses, blouses, and home decor. Originating in Europe, guipure lace is appreciated for its sturdy, open design and versatility. It is more durable than other laces but can be heavier. |
| Habotai | Habotai is a lightweight, plain weave silk fabric known for its smooth texture and soft hand. Often used in linings, blouses, and scarves, it is also known as "China silk." Originating in Japan, habotai is appreciated for its affordability and versatility compared to other silks. It drapes beautifully but can be delicate and require careful handling. |
| Hand | Hand describes the way a fabric feels to the touch, including its softness, smoothness, drape, and weight. The hand of a fabric influences its suitability for different types of garments and uses. |
| Haute Couture | Haute Couture refers to high-end, custom-fitted fashion designed and made by luxury fashion houses. Known for its exclusive, handmade nature, it features meticulous craftsmanship and the finest materials. Originating in France, haute couture sets fashion trends and standards, with garments often requiring numerous hours and highly skilled artisans. These pieces are extremely expensive and often seen as works of art. |
| Imperial Measurements | Imperial measurements are a system of measurement used primarily in the United States and the United Kingdom. In the context of fabric, common units include inches, feet, and yards. For example, fabric is often sold by the yard in countries using imperial measurements. |
| Interfacing | Interfacing is a material used to provide additional structure and support to fabric, commonly used in collars, cuffs, waistbands, and other garment parts that require firmness. It can be fusible (iron-on) or sew-in and comes in various weights and stiffness levels. Interfacing helps maintain the shape and durability of the garment. |
| Jacquard | Jacquard is a fabric with complex woven patterns created by a special loom. It can be made from various fibers, including silk, cotton, and synthetic materials. Known for its intricate designs and durability, it is used in upholstery, draperies, and high-end fashion. Originating from France, jacquard fabrics are valued for their rich texture and decorative appearance. While beautiful, they can be expensive and require careful maintenance. |
| Jersey | Jersey is a stretchy, comfortable knit fabric originally made from wool, but now commonly from cotton and synthetic fibers. Known for its elasticity and smooth texture, jersey is widely used in t-shirts, dresses, and activewear. First produced on the Channel Island of Jersey, it’s popular for its versatility and ease of care. Jersey’s flexibility and comfort make it a staple in casual and sports clothing, though it can pill with heavy use. |
| Knits | Knits are fabrics made by interlocking loops of yarn, resulting in stretchy and flexible textiles. Common types include jersey, rib knit, and interlock. Knits are popular for their comfort and ease of movement. |
| Lace | Lace is a delicate fabric made from yarn or thread, featuring open weblike patterns. Often crafted from cotton, silk, or synthetic fibers, lace has a lightweight, airy texture with intricate designs. Originating in Europe during the late Renaissance, lace is used in lingerie, bridal wear, and trim in high fashion, popularized by designers like Oscar de la Renta. Despite its delicate appearance, lace can be durable, though it requires careful handling. |
| Lawn | Lawn is a lightweight, sheer fabric made from fine combed cotton or linen. Known for its smooth and crisp texture, it is often used in blouses, dresses, and handkerchiefs. Originating from France, lawn is popular for its breathability and elegant appearance. Its tendency to crease can be a disadvantage, but it’s prized for its cool, comfortable feel in warm climates. |
| Linen | Linen, derived from the flax plant, is one of the oldest textiles known. It is prized for its strength, breathability, and natural luster. Linen has a crisp texture, excellent drape, and is prone to creasing. Historically manufactured in ancient Egypt, it is now popular for summer wear, home textiles, and fine tailoring, including designs by Stella McCartney. Linen's environmental benefits include its biodegradability and minimal pesticide use, though it requires significant water in processing. |
| Lining | Lining is an inner layer of fabric sewn into garments, bags, or other items to provide a finished look and improve durability. It often uses smooth, lightweight materials like polyester, silk, or acetate to enhance comfort and ease of wear. Lining can also add structure and conceal seams. |
| Lurex | Lurex is a type of metallic yarn or fabric, known for its shiny, glittering appearance. Made by coating a synthetic core with a metallic layer, it is used in evening wear, costumes, and decorative textiles. Lurex adds a glamorous touch to fabrics but can be less comfortable against the skin due to its stiffness. It requires gentle care to prevent damage to the metallic finish. |
| Lycra | Lycra, also known as spandex or elastane, is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity. It is used in activewear, swimwear, and stretch fabrics. Invented in the 1950s, Lycra revolutionized fashion by adding comfort and flexibility. Its main drawback is that it can degrade with prolonged exposure to heat and chlorine, but it remains a staple in performance and stretch garments. |
| Marocain | Marocain is a heavy crepe fabric with a textured surface, traditionally made from silk or wool. Known for its luxurious feel and excellent drape, it is used in high-end dresses, suits, and evening wear. Originating from Morocco, it is appreciated for its rich texture and durability. Marocain’s heavy weight makes it ideal for structured garments, though it can be expensive and require special care. |
| Mesh | Mesh is a loosely woven or knitted fabric with open spaces, made from various fibers such as polyester, nylon, or cotton. Known for its breathability and flexibility, it is used in sportswear, netting, and decorative items. Mesh provides ventilation and comfort, making it popular in activewear. Its open structure can make it less durable and prone to snagging. |
| Meterage | Meterage refers to the amount of fabric measured in meters. It is commonly used in countries that follow the metric system to specify the length of fabric needed for sewing projects and garment construction. |
| Metric Measurement | Metric measurement is a system of measurement used in most countries worldwide. In the context of fabric, common units include centimeters and meters. Fabric is typically sold by the meter in countries using metric measurement. |
| Mikado | Mikado is a blend of silk and nylon, known for its luxurious, heavyweight texture and subtle sheen. Used in bridal and evening wear, it provides structure and elegance. Mikado fabric drapes beautifully while holding its shape, making it ideal for voluminous gowns and sophisticated designs. It is durable but can be expensive and requires special care. |
| Motifs | Motifs are decorative designs or patterns repeated throughout a fabric. These can be floral, geometric, abstract, or themed designs. Motifs add visual interest and style to the fabric and can be woven, printed, or embroidered. They are commonly used in both fashion and home decor textiles. |
| Nap | Nap refers to the raised surface of a fabric, such as in velvet or corduroy, where the fibers lie in one direction. The direction of the nap affects the fabric's appearance and feel. |
| Nylon | Nylon is a synthetic fiber known for its strength, elasticity, and resistance to abrasion. Developed in the 1930s, it is used in hosiery, activewear, and outdoor gear. Nylon is lightweight, quick-drying, and easy to care for, making it popular for a wide range of applications. However, it is not very breathable and can retain odors. |
| Organdy | Organdy is a sheer, crisp fabric made from cotton. Known for its stiffness and transparency, it is often used in summer dresses, blouses, and children’s clothing. Organdy originated in Europe and is prized for its light, airy quality, ideal for creating structured, voluminous silhouettes. While delicate and prone to wrinkling, its breathability and elegant appearance make it a favorite for warm-weather apparel. |
| Organza | Organza is a thin, plain weave fabric made from silk or synthetic fibers, known for its crisp hand and sheer, lightweight quality. It is often used in evening wear, bridal gowns, and decorative purposes. Originating in the Middle East, organza is appreciated for its delicate, ethereal look and ability to hold shape well. While beautiful, it can be prone to fraying and requires delicate care. |
| Paillette | Paillette refers to large, flat sequins used as embellishments on fabric. Known for their sparkling effect, paillettes are used in evening wear, dance costumes, and accessories. They add a bold, eye-catching element to garments, though they can be heavy and require secure attachment to prevent loss. |
| Pile | Pile is the raised surface or "nap" of a fabric, such as in velvet, velour, or terry cloth. Pile fabrics are known for their softness and texture, created by additional yarns that stand up from the base weave. |
| Pique | Pique is a medium-weight cotton fabric with a textured, raised pattern, often in a waffle or honeycomb weave. Known for its durability and crisp appearance, it is used in polo shirts, dresses, and sportswear. Originating from France, pique is valued for its breathability and structured look. Its texture can add visual interest to garments, though it may require more care to maintain its appearance. |
| Polyamide | Polyamide is a synthetic fiber, similar to nylon, known for its durability, elasticity, and resistance to wear. It is used in textiles, carpets, and industrial applications. Polyamide fabrics are strong, lightweight, and quick-drying, offering versatility and performance. They can be less breathable than natural fibers and may require specific care to maintain their properties. |
| Polyester | Polyester is a synthetic fiber known for its strength, durability, and resistance to shrinking and wrinkling. Used in clothing, home furnishings, and industrial applications, it is one of the most versatile and widely used fabrics. Polyester is easy to care for and quick-drying, but it can be less breathable than natural fibers and may retain odors. |
| Poplin | Poplin is a strong, plain-weave fabric, traditionally made from cotton, but also from polyester and silk. Known for its crisp texture and durability, poplin is used in shirts, dresses, and uniforms. Originating in France, it is valued for its smooth surface and versatility. Poplin’s propensity to resist wrinkling makes it popular for everyday wear, though it can be less breathable than other fabrics. |
| Quilted Fabric | Quilted fabric is a multi-layered textile consisting of two outer fabric layers with a layer of padding or batting sandwiched between them. These layers are stitched together in a pattern, which can be simple or intricate, to create a textured, padded effect. Quilted fabric is known for its warmth and comfort, making it ideal for use in outerwear, bedspreads, and home decor. The stitching not only adds visual interest but also helps to keep the batting evenly distributed and secure. Quilted fabrics can be made from various materials, including cotton, polyester, and blends, offering a range of textures and finishes. They are valued for their insulating properties and durability but can be bulkier and more challenging to sew than single-layer fabrics. |
| Ribbons | Ribbons are narrow strips of fabric used for decorative or functional purposes. Made from various materials like silk, satin, and polyester, they are used in fashion, gift wrapping, and crafts. Ribbons come in numerous colors, patterns, and widths, offering versatility. They can fray easily and may need special care to maintain their appearance. |
| Sateen | Sateen is a smooth, glossy fabric made from cotton with a satin weave structure. Known for its soft touch and sheen, sateen is used in bedding, linings, and elegant dresses. Originating in Europe, it mimics the luxurious feel of silk satin but is more affordable and durable. While it has a beautiful drape, sateen can show wear over time, particularly if not properly cared for. |
| Satin | Satin is a glossy, smooth fabric with a luxurious feel, made from silk or synthetic fibers. Known for its lustrous surface and elegant drape, it is used in evening wear, lingerie, and bridal gowns. Originating in medieval China, satin is synonymous with luxury and sophistication, featured in designs by many top fashion houses. While beautiful, it can snag and show water stains easily, requiring careful handling. |
| Satin-back-crepe | Satin-back-crepe is a reversible fabric with a satin finish on one side and a crepe texture on the other. Known for its versatility and luxurious feel, it is used in evening wear, dresses, and blouses. The combination of textures offers multiple design options, making it a favorite in high fashion. While elegant, it requires careful handling to maintain its appearance. |
| Selvedge | Selvedge, or selvage, refers to the self-finished edge of a fabric that prevents fraying. It runs parallel to the warp threads and is created by the weft thread looping back at the end of each row during the weaving process. Selvedges are typically stronger and more stable than the rest of the fabric, providing a clean, finished edge, often used as a guide for cutting and sewing. They often include information about the fabric, such as the manufacturer and pattern number, and are sometimes used as a design element in garments. The quality of the selvedge can indicate the overall quality of the fabric. |
| Shantung | Shantung is a textured, crisp silk fabric with slubs, giving it a nubby appearance. Known for its firm hand and subtle sheen, it is used in bridal wear, evening gowns, and suits. Originating from China, shantung is valued for its unique texture and elegant look. While beautiful, the presence of slubs can make it challenging to work with, requiring skillful handling. |
| Sheer | Sheer fabrics are lightweight, transparent or semi-transparent materials like chiffon, organza, and tulle. They are often used for overlays, curtains, and delicate garments. |
| Silk | Silk is a luxurious, natural protein fiber obtained from silkworm cocoons. It’s celebrated for its smooth, lustrous texture and fluid drape, often used in elegant garments such as evening gowns, scarves, and lingerie. Originating from China over 4,000 years ago, silk remains a staple in high fashion, including designs by Valentino and Elie Saab. Its main uses today are in luxury apparel and interior decor. While silk is biodegradable, traditional production can be resource-intensive, though peace silk offers a more ethical alternative. |
| Single Wool | Single Wool refers to a lightweight wool fabric made from a single layer of fibers. Known for its warmth and softness, it is used in suits, dresses, and light coats. Originating from Europe, single wool is appreciated for its comfort and breathability. Its light weight makes it suitable for all-season wear, though it may require careful maintenance to avoid pilling. |
| Slub | Slub refers to a fabric with intentional irregularities or lumps in the yarn, giving it a textured appearance. Slub fabrics are often used in casual and rustic styles. |
| Stretch Fabric | Stretch fabrics are textiles that contain elastic fibers, such as spandex or Lycra, allowing them to stretch and return to their original shape. They are commonly used in activewear and fitted garments. |
| Suiting Wool | Suiting Wool is a high-quality wool fabric specifically designed for tailored suits and formal wear. Known for its smooth finish, excellent drape, and durability, it is used in business attire and evening wear. Originating from England, suiting wool is appreciated for its sophistication and comfort. Its tailored nature ensures a sharp appearance, though it can require professional cleaning. |
| Taffeta | Taffeta is a crisp, smooth fabric with a slight sheen, traditionally made from silk but now also from synthetics. Known for its rustling sound and structured drape, it is used in evening wear, bridal gowns, and home decor. Originating in the Middle East, taffeta is prized for its luxurious appearance and ability to hold shape. While stunning, it can be prone to wrinkling and requires careful maintenance. |
| Tana Lawn | Tana Lawn is a trademarked fine cotton lawn fabric produced by Liberty of London. Known for its silky smooth finish, vibrant prints, and high thread count, it is used in luxury shirts, dresses, and accessories. The fabric is named after Lake Tana in Ethiopia, where the original cotton was sourced. Tana Lawn is appreciated for its combination of comfort and luxury, though its exclusivity makes it more expensive. |
| Toile | Toile refers to a fabric, often linen or cotton, with a repeated, monochromatic pattern, typically depicting pastoral scenes or floral motifs. Toile de Jouy is a famous French example. |
| Triacetate | Triacetate is a synthetic fiber derived from cellulose, known for its silk-like appearance and excellent wrinkle resistance. Used in dresses, blouses, and linings, it is valued for its ease of care and durability. While less common than other fibers, triacetate offers a good balance of luxury and practicality. It is less breathable than natural fibers but provides a smooth, elegant finish. |
| Trimmings | Trimmings refer to decorative elements added to fabrics and garments, such as lace, ribbons, beads, and embroidery. They enhance the visual appeal and uniqueness of clothing and home decor. Trimmings can vary widely in materials and styles, providing versatility in design. They require careful attachment and maintenance to ensure longevity. |
| Tulle | Tulle is a lightweight, fine netting fabric made from silk, nylon, or polyester. Known for its sheer, airy quality, it is used in bridal veils, tutus, and formal gowns. Originating in France, tulle adds a delicate, ethereal touch to garments. It is easy to shape and layer but can be fragile and requires gentle handling. |
| Tweed | Tweed is a rough, woolen fabric, usually woven in a plain or twill pattern, known for its warmth and durability. Originating from Scotland, tweed is commonly used in suits, jackets, and outerwear, famously by Chanel and Harris Tweed. Its textured surface and earthy colors make it ideal for casual and outdoor apparel. Tweed is valued for its sustainability, being made from natural fibers and often dyed with natural pigments. |
| Velour | Velour is a plush, knit fabric similar to velvet but with more stretch, often made from cotton or synthetic fibers. Known for its soft texture and flexibility, it is used in loungewear, upholstery, and costumes. Originating from France, velour is appreciated for its comfort and versatility. While durable, it can show wear over time, particularly with heavy use. |
| Velvet | Velvet is a soft, plush fabric with a dense pile, traditionally made from silk but now also from synthetic fibers. Known for its luxurious texture and rich appearance, velvet drapes beautifully and is used in evening wear, upholstery, and accessories. Originating in ancient Egypt, it is celebrated in modern fashion by designers like Tom Ford. Velvet’s main drawback is its tendency to crush and mark easily, though its opulent look makes it a perennial favorite. |
| Velveteen | Velveteen is a fabric similar to velvet but with a shorter, less dense pile, typically made from cotton. Known for its soft texture and matte finish, it is used in casual wear, children’s clothing, and upholstery. Originating in Europe, velveteen is valued for its comfort and affordability compared to true velvet. While less luxurious, it is more durable and easier to care for. |
| Venetian Wool | Venetian Wool is a high-quality, smooth wool fabric with a soft, luxurious finish. Known for its fine texture and excellent drape, it is used in suits, coats, and elegant apparel. Originating from Venice, it is appreciated for its refined appearance and comfort. Venetian Wool is considered a premium fabric, offering both warmth and sophistication, though it can be expensive. |
| Viscose | Viscose is a semi-synthetic fiber made from cellulose, often used as a silk substitute. Known for its smooth texture and excellent drape, it is used in dresses, blouses, and linings. Originating from Europe in the late 19th century, viscose is valued for its affordability and versatility. While comfortable and breathable, it can be prone to wrinkling and may require dry cleaning. |
| Voile | Voile is a soft, lightweight, and sheer fabric usually made from cotton or polyester. Known for its airy and breathable qualities, voile drapes well and is used in dresses, blouses, and curtains. Originating in France, it’s valued for its delicate appearance and versatility. Voile's fine texture makes it suitable for layering, though it can be fragile and require gentle handling. |
| Warp | Warp refers to the set of lengthwise yarns or threads that are held under tension on a loom during the weaving process. These threads run parallel to the selvage and provide the structural foundation for the fabric. Warp threads are typically stronger and more tightly twisted than weft threads to withstand the tension of the loom. The quality and characteristics of the warp can influence the durability and texture of the finished fabric. |
| Weft | Weft, also known as filling or woof, refers to the set of crosswise yarns or threads that are woven through the warp threads on a loom. These threads run perpendicular to the selvage and are inserted over and under the warp threads to create the fabric. The weft can vary in thickness, texture, and material, contributing to the fabric's overall appearance and feel. Unlike warp threads, weft threads are not under constant tension, allowing for greater flexibility in design. |
| Wool | Wool is a durable, insulating fiber from sheep and other animals like goats (cashmere) and alpacas. Known for its warmth, elasticity, and moisture-wicking properties, wool is used in a variety of weaves like tweed and flannel. Originating from ancient Mesopotamia, wool is now popular for suits, sweaters, and coats, featured in collections by designers like Vivienne Westwood. It is valued for its sustainability as it is renewable and biodegradable, though concerns about animal welfare in its production persist. |
| Wool Blend | Wool Blend refers to fabric made from a combination of wool and other fibers such as polyester, cotton, or acrylic. Known for its versatility and improved durability, it is used in a variety of garments including suits, coats, and casual wear. Wool blends combine the best properties of wool with enhanced performance from other fibers, making them more affordable and easier to care for, though they may not offer the same warmth as pure wool. |
| Yardage | Yardage refers to the amount of fabric measured in yards. It is commonly used to specify the length of fabric needed for sewing projects and garment construction. |
| Zibeline | Zibeline is a luxurious wool fabric with a smooth, lustrous surface, often made from angora or camel hair. Known for its warmth and elegant appearance, it is used in high-end coats and suits. Originating from the French word for sable, zibeline is valued for its softness and rich texture. It offers excellent insulation but can be pricey and requires professional care. |